Factores Psicosociales, Riesgos Emergentes y Salud Mental en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional: Revisión Integrativa

Adrián Arturo Alvarado-Cedeño; Arelys Margarita  Bolaño-Moreira; Sandra Maribel Navarrete-Cusme; Wendy Katherine Pérez-Chila; Kimberly Juliana Rosado-Daza; Andrés Antonio Vélez-Luna

doi:10.70171/persc534

Authors

Adrián Arturo Alvarado-Cedeño Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9809-3535
Arelys Margarita Bolaño-Moreira Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8833-5330
Sandra Maribel Navarrete-Cusme Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2904-9126
Wendy Katherine Pérez-Chila Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2330-1495
Kimberly Juliana Rosado-Daza Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2137-1675
Andrés Antonio Vélez-Luna Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-7200

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/persc534

Keywords:

workplace well-being, psychosocial risk factors, occupational risks, psychosocial risks

Abstract

Justification: Recent transformations in the world of work have increased the complexity of the challenges affecting workers' health. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the relationship between workplace psychosocial factors, emerging risks, and workers' mental health within the field of Occupational Safety and Health. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted. Original research articles and review studies were selected following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the evidence was synthesized through thematic and comparative analysis. Results: High job demands, low job autonomy, limited organizational support, job insecurity, workplace harassment, and effort–reward imbalance were associated with higher levels of stress, burnout, depressive symptoms, absenteeism, and reduced well-being. Emerging risks related to digitalization, including telework, technostress, and algorithmic management, showed variable effects on mental health depending on work organization conditions. Interventions aimed at improving organizational working conditions were more effective in preventing psychosocial risks than those focused on individual-level strategies. Conclusion: Prevention efforts should prioritize interventions targeting organizational working conditions to protect workers' mental health and promote healthy work environments.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amoadu, M., Ansah, E. W., & Sarfo, J. O. (2023). Influence of psychosocial safety climate on occupational health and safety: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 23(1), Article 1344. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16246-x

Aust, B., Møller, J. L., Nordentoft, M., Frydendall, K. B., Bengtsen, E., Jensen, A. B., Garde, A. H., Kompier, M., Semmer, N., Rugulies, R., & Jaspers, S. Ø. (2023). How effective are organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment, health, and retention of workers? A systematic overview of systematic reviews. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 49(5), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4097

Borle, P., Reichel, K., Niebuhr, F., & Voelter-Mahlknecht, S. (2021). How are techno-stressors associated with mental health and work outcomes? A systematic review of occupational exposure to information and communication technologies within the technostress model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), Article 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168673

Catapano, P., Cipolla, S., Sampogna, G., Perris, F., Luciano, M., Catapano, F., & Fiorillo, A. (2023). Organizational and individual interventions for managing work-related stress in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Medicina, 59(10), Article 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101866

Dragano, N., & Lunau, T. (2020). Technostress at work and mental health: Concepts and research results. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(4), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000613

Duchaine, C. S., Aubé, K., Gilbert-Ouimet, M., Vézina, M., Ndjaboué, R., Massamba, V., Talbot, D., Lavigne-Robichaud, M., Trudel, X., Pena-Gralle, A.-P. B., Lesage, A., Moore, L., Milot, A., Laurin, D., & Brisson, C. (2020). Psychosocial stressors at work and the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(8), 842–851. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0322

Figueiredo, E., Margaça, C., Hernández-Sánchez, B., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2024). Teleworking effects on mental health—A systematic review and a research agenda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(3), Article 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030243

Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S., & Toscano, F. (2021). Work from home during the COVID-19 outbreak: The impact on employees’ remote work productivity, engagement, and stress. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(7), e426–e432. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002236

Goh, H. S., Hosier, S., & Zhang, H. (2022). Prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of workplace bullying among nurses—A summary of reviews. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), Article 8256. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148256

Gualano, M. R., Santoro, P. E., Borrelli, I., Rossi, M. F., Amantea, C., Daniele, A., & Moscato, U. (2023). TElewoRk-RelAted Stress (TERRA), psychological and physical strain of working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Workplace Health & Safety, 71(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799221119155

International Labour Organization. (2022). Mental health at work: Policy brief. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240057944

Law, P. C. F., Too, L. S., Butterworth, P., Witt, K., Reavley, N., & Milner, A. J. (2020). A systematic review on the effect of work-related stressors on mental health of young workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 93(5), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01516-7

Mikkelsen, S., Coggon, D., Andersen, J. H., Casey, P., Flachs, E. M., Kolstad, H. A., Mors, O., & Bonde, J. P. (2021). Are depressive disorders caused by psychosocial stressors at work? A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology, 36(5), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00725-9

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, Article n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Parent-Rocheleau, X., & Parker, S. K. (2022). Algorithms as work designers: How algorithmic management influences the design of jobs. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), Article 100838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100838

Salas-Nicás, S., Esteve-Matalí, L., Llorens-Serrano, C., & Navarro-Giné, A. (2024). Job insecurity, mental health, and general health over time: A longitudinal update of a cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(7), 523–527. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000003096

Trógolo, M. A., Moretti, L. S., & Medrano, L. A. (2022). A nationwide cross-sectional study of workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of changes in working conditions, financial hardships, psychological detachment from work and work-family interface. BMC Psychology, 10(1), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00783-y

van der Molen, H. F., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., & de Groene, G. (2020). Work-related psychosocial risk factors for stress-related mental disorders: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 10(7), Article e034849. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034849

van Veen, M., Oude Hengel, K. M., Schelvis, R. M. C., Bongers, P. M., Ket, J. C. F., van der Beek, A. J., & Boot, C. R. L. (2023). Psychosocial work factors affecting mental health of young workers: A systematic review. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 96(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-022-01907-y

Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290

World Health Organization. (2022). WHO guidelines on mental health at work. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240053052