Psicofarmacología Integradora en la Era de la Neurociencia: Fundamentos Teóricos para una Nueva Generación de Intervenciones en Salud Mental

Jose Santos-Morocho

doi:10.70171/m4sgq770

Autores/as

Jose Santos-Morocho Universidad UTE Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-6344

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/m4sgq770

Palabras clave:

psicofarmacología, psicofármacos, neurotransmisión, trastornos mentales, tratamiento farmacológico

Resumen

Justificación: La psicofarmacología es una disciplina científica interdisciplinaria que estudia los efectos de las sustancias psicoactivas sobre el sistema nervioso central y su influencia en los procesos cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales, contribuyendo al tratamiento de diversos trastornos mentales. Objetivo: Analizar los fundamentos teóricos, neurobiológicos e históricos de la psicofarmacología y su relevancia en el abordaje clínico de las psicopatologías. Metodología: Se empleó un enfoque teórico con método analítico-sintético. La información se obtuvo mediante revisión bibliográfica y documental de artículos científicos, libros académicos y fuentes indexadas, bajo un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo-analítico. Resultados: La revisión evidencia que los psicofármacos actúan sobre sistemas de neurotransmisión cerebral, modulando circuitos neuronales asociados al estado de ánimo, la cognición y la conducta. Asimismo, los avances en neurociencia, farmacodinámica, farmacocinética y farmacogenómica han permitido desarrollar tratamientos más eficaces y personalizados. Conclusión: La psicofarmacología constituye un pilar fundamental en la psiquiatría moderna, integrando conocimientos de la neurociencia y la clínica para mejorar la comprensión y el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales.

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