Correlación entre Mecanismos de Afrontamiento y Trastorno por Consumo de Alcohol: Un Estudio en Población Clínica

Jose Santos-Morocho; Liliana Toral-León; William Ortiz-Ochoa; Marco Muñoz-Pauta; Rómulo Jiménez-Herrera; Mariela Torres-Vallejo

doi:10.70171/rgb51127

Autores/as

Jose Santos-Morocho Universidad de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-6344
Liliana Toral-León Universidad de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3575-9011
William Ortiz-Ochoa Universidad de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-6536
Marco Muñoz-Pauta Universidad de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-566X
Rómulo Jiménez-Herrera Universidad Católica de Cuenca Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9925-2001
Mariela Torres-Vallejo Universidad del Azuay Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9824-2279

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/rgb51127

Palabras clave:

afrontamiento del estrés, consumo de alcohol, mecanismo de afrontamiento, trastornos mentales

Resumen

Justificación: el trastorno por consumo de alcohol en la población adulta constituye una problemática de salud pública relevante, debido a su alta prevalencia y al impacto negativo en la funcionalidad individual y social. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y el trastorno por consumo de alcohol en una muestra clínica de adultos. Metodología: se empleó un diseño analítico transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional, con personas mayores de 18 años que cumplieron criterios específicos de inclusión. Se aplicaron el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento del Estrés, y se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante tablas de contingencia, estableciendo un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: los resultados evidenciaron que etipoatología de las estrategias de afrontamiento fueron la religión (55,1%), la expresión emocional abierta (37,8%) y la búsqueda de apoyo social (26,5%). Se identificó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el trastorno por consumo de alcohol y el afrontamiento centrado en la solución del problema (p = 0.049), lo que aporta fundamentos para intervenciones terapéuticas basadas en enfoques cognitivo-conductuales. Conclusión: los hallazgos confirman que las estrategias de afrontamiento desempeñan un rol clave en la relación con el trastorno por consumo de alcohol.

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