Sustainability of the Ecuadorian Cocoa Export Value Chain: Stakeholders’ Perceptions

Abstract

Justification: the competitiveness of Ecuadorian cocoa in international markets largely depends on the incorporation of sustainability criteria throughout the value chain. However, its implementation faces a series of challenges that hinder its full application. Objective: to analyze the perceptions of actors involved in the Ecuadorian cocoa export value chain regarding sustainability. Methodology: a qualitative approach was used, based on unstructured interviews conducted with producers, exporters, and experts in the cocoa sector. The responses were examined using content analysis techniques. Results: producers expressed commitment to sustainable practices, although they face limitations due to climatic factors, lack of government support, and limited access to international markets. They value improvements in cocoa quality and buyer recognition as key benefits. Exporters emphasized the importance of rigorous processes and certifications such as Rainforest Alliance or Fair Trade, though they noted that price still outweighs sustainability in purchasing decisions. They also identified challenges such as high certification costs and international competition. Experts highlighted the strategic value of sustainability for accessing demanding markets, improving competitiveness, and incorporating advanced technologies. Conclusion: there is a clear need to integrate the various perspectives in order to develop strategies that are better aligned with the specific conditions of the sector.