Socioeconomic Context and Vocational Decision-Making among Higher Education Students in Ambato, Ecuador

Abstract

Justification: Vocational decision-making is a complex process that shapes individuals’ life plans; however, structural factors and socioeconomic disparities constrain young people’s educational opportunities in Ecuador. Objective: To analyze the statistical association between socioeconomic context and vocational decision-making among higher education students in Ambato, Ecuador. Methodology: The study employed a quantitative, correlational approach with a sample of 383 university students selected through convenience sampling. A structured 35-item questionnaire rated on a Likert scale was administered. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were 0.885 for the theoretical model of socioeconomic context and 0.898 for vocational decision-making. Results: The general research hypothesis was confirmed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive association between socioeconomic context and vocational decision-making (ρ = 0.660, p < 0.001). Likewise, all specific hypotheses showed significant associations, with the influence of the family environment on decision-making self-efficacy showing the strongest correlation (ρ = 0.685). Conclusion: Vocational decision-making is strongly associated with the socioeconomic environment; therefore, traditional vocational guidance models should be transformed toward comprehensive approaches that strengthen emotional self-regulation, employability, and consideration of students’ actual material conditions.