Factores Psicosociales, Riesgos Emergentes y Salud Mental en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional: Revisión Integrativa

Adrián Arturo Alvarado-Cedeño; Arelys Margarita  Bolaño-Moreira; Sandra Maribel Navarrete-Cusme; Wendy Katherine Pérez-Chila; Kimberly Juliana Rosado-Daza; Andrés Antonio Vélez-Luna

doi:10.70171/persc534

Autores/as

Adrián Arturo Alvarado-Cedeño Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9809-3535
Arelys Margarita Bolaño-Moreira Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8833-5330
Sandra Maribel Navarrete-Cusme Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2904-9126
Wendy Katherine Pérez-Chila Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2330-1495
Kimberly Juliana Rosado-Daza Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2137-1675
Andrés Antonio Vélez-Luna Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-7200

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/persc534

Palabras clave:

bienestar laboral, factores de riesgos psicosociales, riesgos laborales, riesgos psicosociales

Resumen

Justificación Las transformaciones recientes del trabajo han incrementado la complejidad de los desafíos para la salud de la población trabajadora. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre la relación entre los factores psicosociales laborales, los riesgos emergentes y la salud mental trabajadoras en el ámbito de la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura científica. Se seleccionaron artículos originales y estudios de revisión siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA 2020, y la evidencia se sintetizó mediante un análisis temático y comparativo. Resultados: Las altas demandas laborales, la baja autonomía, el escaso apoyo organizacional, la inseguridad laboral, el acoso y el desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa se asociaron con mayores niveles de estrés, burnout, síntomas depresivos, ausentismo y menor bienestar. Asimismo, los riesgos emergentes vinculados con la digitalización, como el teletrabajo, el tecnoestrés y la gestión algorítmica, presentaron efectos variables sobre la salud mental, dependiendo de las condiciones de organización del trabajo. Las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar las condiciones organizacionales mostraron mayor efectividad para prevenir los riesgos psicosociales que aquellas centradas en estrategias individuales. Conclusión: La prevención debe priorizar intervenciones sobre las condiciones organizacionales del trabajo para proteger la salud mental y promover entornos laborales saludables.

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