Fitorreguladores y Microorganismos Eficientes Autóctonos en la Calidad Fisiológica de Semillas de Pimiento (Capsicum annuum)

María Cristina Martínez-Sotelo

doi:10.70171/byzx6a68

Authors

María Cristina Martínez-Sotelo Instituto Superior Tecnológico Tsa'chila Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8692-7074

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/byzx6a68

Keywords:

cytokinin, germination strategies, plant hormones, seed pretreatment

Abstract

Justification: pepper seeds are the starting point for agricultural production, and their quality is a determining factor for the success of the crop. Objective: to evaluate the effect of phytohormones and efficient native microorganisms on the physiological quality of pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum). Methodology: a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement was used, evaluating two soaking times (2 and 4 hours) and four doses of phytohormones (2.5 cc of cytokinin L⁻¹ of water, 2.5 cc of cytokinin L⁻¹ of water + 5.0 cc of EMA’s L⁻¹ of water, 5.0 cc of gibberellin L⁻¹ of water, 5.0 cc of gibberellin L⁻¹ of water + 5.0 cc of EMA’s L⁻¹ of water). Eight treatments were used with three replications each. The germination speed index and percentage, as well as the emergence speed index and percentage, were evaluated. Results: Seeds treated with gibberellin for 4 hours were the fastest to germinate, followed by the 2-hour treatment. Both treatments achieved the highest germination percentages. The combination of gibberellin with EMA’s for 4 hours resulted in the highest emergence speed index, followed by the combination at 2 hours. In all cases, gibberellin treatments improved seed emergence. Conclusion: although gibberellin was the fastest for germination, its combination with EMA’s was more effective at improving emergence, suggesting that both treatments have complementary effects at different stages of the seed development process.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aremu, A. O., Fawole, O. A., Makunga, N. P., Masondo, N. A., Moyo, M., Buthelezi, N. M., ... & Doležal, K. (2020). Applications of cytokinins in horticultural fruit crops: Trends and future prospects. Biomolecules, 10(9), 1222. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091222

Armada, E., Leite, M. F., Medina, A., Azcon, R., & Kuramae, E. E. (2018). Native bacteria promote plant growth under drought stress condition without impacting the rhizomicrobiome. FEMS microbiology ecology, 94(7), fiy092. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy092

Bagale, P., Pandey, S., Regmi, P., & Bhusal, S. (2022). Role of plant growth regulator “Gibberellins” in vegetable production: An overview. International journal of horticultural science and technology, 9(3), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2021.329114.495

Bhatla, S. C., & Lal, M. A. (2023). Seed dormancy and germination. In Plant Physiology, Development and Metabolism (pp. 625-640). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5736-1_28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5736-1_28

Cano-González, M. Á., Ayil-Gutiérrez, B. A., Delgado-Martínez, R., Osorio-Hernández, E., Rangel-Lucio, J. A., & Poot-Poot, W. A. (2021). Physiological potential of piquin pepper seeds in response to pregermination treatments. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 45, e019521. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145019521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202145019521

Cardarelli, M., Woo, S. L., Rouphael, Y., & Colla, G. (2022). Seed treatments with microorganisms can have a biostimulant effect by influencing germination and seedling growth of crops. Plants, 11(3), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030259

Castro-Camba, R., Sánchez, C., Vidal, N., & Vielba, J. M. (2022). Plant development and crop yield: The role of gibberellins. Plants, 11(19), 2650. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192650

Costa, C. J., Meneghello, G. E., Jorge, M. H. A., & Costa, E. (2021). The importance of physiological quality of seeds for agriculture. Colloquium Agrariae, v. 17, n. 4, p. 102-119, ago. 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a452

EL Sabagh, A., Islam, M. S., Hossain, A., Iqbal, M. A., Mubeen, M., Waleed, M., ... & Abdelhamid, M. T. (2022). Phytohormones as growth regulators during abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Frontiers in Agronomy, 4, 765068. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.765068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.765068

El-Maarouf-Bouteau, H. (2022). The seed and the metabolism regulation. Biology, 11(2), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020168

Farooq, M. A., Ma, W., Shen, S., & Gu, A. (2022). Underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms for seed germination. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(15), 8502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158502

Gough, R. E. (2020). Seed quality: basic mechanisms and agricultural implications. CRC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003075226

Guzmán-Ortiz, F. A., Castro-Rosas, J., Gómez-Aldapa, C. A., Mora-Escobedo, R., Rojas-León, A., Rodríguez-Marín, M. L., ... & Román-Gutiérrez, A. D. (2019). Enzyme activity during germination of different cereals: A review. Food Reviews International, 35(3), 177-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2018.1514623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2018.1514623

Hassan, Z. M., Mana, H. A., & Abdullah, M. Q. (2021). Study of some physiological characteristics of pepper plant treated with gibberellin. International Journal of Agricultural & Statistical Sciences, 17. https://connectjournals.com/03899.2021.17.1885

ISTA Secretariat. (2024). Estándar de Acreditación ISTA para Análisis y Muestreo de Semillas. International Seed Testing Association. https://bit.ly/4fdPQph

Longo, C., Holness, S., De Angelis, V., Lepri, A., Occhigrossi, S., Ruta, V., & Vittorioso, P. (2020). From the outside to the inside: New insights on the main factors that guide seed dormancy and germination. Genes, 12(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12010052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12010052

Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2(2), 176-177. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x

Martínez Solis, J., Virgen Vargas, J., Peña Ortega, M. G., & Santiago Romero, A. (2010). Índice de velocidad de emergencia en líneas de maíz. Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas, 1(3), 289-304. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/remexca/v1n3/v1n3a2.pdf

Navarro, J. M., & Morte, A. (2024). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers to increase the plant quality of Sour-Orange seedlings. Agronomy, 14(1), 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010230

Panda, D., & Mondal, S. (2020). Seed enhancement for sustainable agriculture: an overview of recent trends. Plant Arch, 20(1), 2320-2332. https://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%2020-1/2320%20-2332%20(407).pdf

Rafique, M., Naveed, M., Mustafa, A., Akhtar, S., Munawar, M., Kaukab, S., ... & Salem, M. Z. (2021). The combined effects of gibberellic acid and rhizobium on growth, yield and nutritional status in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agronomy, 11(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010105

Ramos Cabrera, E. V., Delgado Espinosa, Z. Y., & Solis Pino, A. F. (2024). Use of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microorganisms as a Biotechnological Alternative: A Review. Microorganisms, 12(8), 1591. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081591

Samarah, N. H., Al-Quraan, N. A., Massad, R. S., & Welbaum, G. E. (2020). Treatment of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds with chitosan increases chitinase and glucanase activities and enhances emergence in a standard cold test. Scientia Horticulturae, 269, 109393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109393

SANTOS, L. F., Lana, R. P., Silva, M., Veloso, T. G., Kasuya, M. C. M., & Ribeiro, K. G. (2020). Effective microorganisms inoculant: Diversity and effect on the germination of palisade grass seeds. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92, e20180426. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180426

Sawicka, B., Pszczółkowski, P., Barbaś, P., Skiba, D., & Bienia, B. (2022). The Role and Importance of Microorganisms in Environmental Sustainability. Microbial Biotechnology: Role in Ecological Sustainability and Research, 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119834489.ch7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119834489.ch7

Sundareswaran, S., Ray Choudhury, P., Vanitha, C., & Yadava, D. K. (2023). Seed quality: Variety development to planting—An overview. Seed Science and Technology: Biology, Production, Quality, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_1

Taylor, A. G. (2020). Seed storage, germination, quality, and enhancements. In The physiology of vegetable crops (pp. 1-30). Wallingford UK: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393777.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786393777.0001

Thakur, M., Tiwari, S., Kataria, S., & Anand, A. (2022). Recent advances in seed priming strategies for enhancing planting value of vegetable seeds. Scientia Horticulturae, 305, 111355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111355

Tombegavani, S. S., Zahedi, B., Mousavi Fard, S., & Ahmadpour, A. (2020). Response of germination and seedling growth of pepper cultivars to seed priming by plant growth regulators. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 7(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2020.274293.275

Vaishnav, D., & Chowdhury, P. (2023). Types and function of phytohormone and their role in stress. In Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109325

Wang, G., Ren, Y., Bai, X., Su, Y., & Han, J. (2022). Contributions of beneficial microorganisms in soil remediation and quality improvement of medicinal plants. Plants, 11(23), 3200. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233200

Yang, Y., Gao, C., Ye, Q., Liu, C., Wan, H., Ruan, M., ... & Cheng, Y. (2024). The Influence of Different Factors on the Metabolism of Capsaicinoids in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plants, 13(20), 2887. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13202887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13202887