Desconexión Digital y Bienestar Psicológico en Adolescentes Tardíos y Adultos Emergentes: Revisión Sistemática

Angel Patricio Herrera-Carrión; Jeny Paulina Aucapiña-Chiquito; Jaime Rodrigo Cubi-Asqui; Selene Yajaira Ramos-Portero

doi:10.70171/vwm7hn44

Autores/as

Ángel Patricio Herrera-Carrión Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5501-6988
Jeny Paulina Aucapiña-Chiquito Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2234-3649
Jaime Rodrigo Cubi-Asqui Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7280-793X
Selene Yajaira Ramos-Portero Universidad Técnica de Ambato Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3928-225X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/vwm7hn44

Palabras clave:

adolescencia, bienestar, joven, medios sociales, salud mental

Resumen

Justificación: El uso intensivo de los teléfonos inteligentes, redes sociales y otras plataformas digitales ha impulsado el interés por estrategias destinadas a reducir exposiciones potencialmente perjudiciales para la salud mental de la población joven. Objetivo: El estudio analizó los efectos de la desconexión, reducción, restricción y autorregulación digital sobre el bienestar psicológico y variables asociadas en adolescentes tardíos y adultos emergentes de 15 a 29 años. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 en Scopus, PubMed y Taylor & Francis Online, con publicaciones entre 2020 y 2026. De 604 registros identificados, 16 estudios primarios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La información se extrajo mediante una matriz estructurada, la calidad metodológica se valoró con Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, versión 2018, y los hallazgos se integraron mediante síntesis narrativa. Resultados: Los efectos fueron más consistentes en síntomas depresivos, estrés y alteraciones del sueño, especialmente en intervenciones graduales, restricciones nocturnas y programas de autorregulación. El bienestar general, la satisfacción vital, la soledad, el afecto y el miedo a perderse experiencias mostraron respuestas heterogéneas. Conclusión: La desconexión digital no constituyó una intervención universal; su utilidad dependió de la modalidad, duración, adherencia, finalidad del uso tecnológico y características de la población.

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