Prevalencia, Factores Predisponentes e Implicaciones Hematológicas de la Anemia Ferropénica en Mujeres Gestantes y Niños: Revisión Sistemática

Alexander D. Demera Chica; Caleb I.  Chilán Santana; Cristóbal R. Barcia Menéndez; Vanessa E. Balcazar Leones

doi:10.70171/q07ads96

Authors

Alexander D. Demera-Chica Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9204-3165
Caleb I. Chilán-Santana Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-8759
Cristóbal R. Barcia-Menéndez Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-7618
Vanessa E. Balcazar-Leones Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0635-0189

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70171/q07ads96

Keywords:

iron deficiency, hemoglobin, PRISMA, iron supplementation

Abstract

Justification: iron deficiency anemia is the most common hematological disorder worldwide and, due to its impact on pregnant women and infants, affects neurological development, immune function, and quality of life. Therefore, a systematic analysis to determine its prevalence, its causative factors, and the hematological disorders it causes is essential. Objective: it was proposed to consolidate the prevalence, predisposing factors, and hematological implications of this disease in pregnant women and children, according to studies published between 2021 and 2025. Methodology: a descriptive systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, consulting databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and ScienceDirect. From 275 initial records, 75 articles were selected based on criteria of relevance, open access, and methodological quality. Results: the studies showed that, in pregnant women, the prevalence ranged from 10.5% to 63.7%, with Korea being the highest. In infants, it ranged from 18.9% to 45.05%, with Egypt being the most affected. Obstetric hemorrhage, consecutive pregnancies, poor diets, prolonged breastfeeding without iron, and parasitic infections were also the main factors. Finally, hematological alterations included microcytosis, hypochromia, low ferritin, thrombocytosis, and oxygen transport deficit. Conclusion: This condition requires preventive measures, affordable supplementation, and public policies to mitigate its impact and improve maternal and child health.

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